| Comment: |
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is a multi functional cytokine which binds to the heteromeric complexes of TGF-beta type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors and activates TGF-beta receptor complex, which phosphorylates and activates SMAD2 and SMAD3, then associate with Smad4 and migrate into the nucleus and regulate expression of different target genes.Key players of TGF-beta receptor signal transduction pathway include TGFB1, TGFB2, TGFB3, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, SMADs, SnoN, SARA, SKI, DAB, TRAP, TAK1 SMIF, E2F4, E2F5, RBL1, RBL2, RB1, TFDP1, TFDP2, SMURF1, SMURF2, P300, CBP, JUN.SMAD mediated TGF-beta receptor pathway regulates various cellular and physiological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, growth, migration, myelination, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and development. |